Category Archives: oksimo software

AN EMPIRICAL THEORY AS A DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

eJournal: uffmm.org
ISSN 2567-6458, 2.April 22 – 3.April 2022
Email: info@uffmm.org
Author: Gerd Doeben-Henisch
Email: gerd@doeben-henisch.de

BLOG-CONTEXT

This post is part of the Philosophy of Science theme which is part of the uffmm blog.

PREFACE

In a preceding post I have illustrated how one can apply the concept of an empirical theory — highly inspired by Karl Popper — to an everyday problem given as a county and its demographic problem(s). In this post I like to develop this idea a little more.

AN EMPIRICAL THEORY AS A DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

The figure shows a simplified outline of the idea of an empirical theory being realized during a development process based on the interactions and the communication of citizens as ‘natural experts’.

CITIZENs – natural experts

As starting point we assume citizens understood as our ‘natural experts’ being members of a democratic society with political parties, an freely elected parliament, which can create some helpful laws for the societal life and some authorities serving the need of the citizens.

SYMBOLIC DESCRIPTIONS

To coordinate their actions by a sufficient communication the citizens produce symbolic descriptions to make public how they see the ‘given situation’, which kinds of ‘future states’ (‘goals’) they want to achieve, and a list of ‘actions’ which can ‘change/ transform’ the given situation step wise into the envisioned future state.

LEVELS OF ABSTRACTIONS

Using an everyday language — possibly enriched with some math expressions – one can talk about our world of experience on different levels of abstraction. To get a rather wide scope one starts with most abstract concepts, and then one can break down these abstract concepts more and more with concrete properties/ features until these concrete expressions are ‘touching the real experience’. It can be helpful — in most cases — not to describe everything in one description but one does a partition of ‘the whole’ into several more concrete descriptions to get the main points. Afterwards it should be possible to ‘unify’ these more concrete descriptions into one large picture showing how all these concrete descriptions ‘work together’.

LOGICAL INFERENCE BY SIMULATION

A very useful property of empirical theories is the possibility to derive from given assumptions and assumed rules of inference possible consequences which are ‘true’ if the assumptions an the rules of inference are ‘true’.

The above outlined descriptions are seen in this post as texts which satisfy the requirements of an empirical theory such that the ‘simulator’ is able to derive from these assumptions all possible ‘true’ consequences if these assumptions are assumed to be ‘true’. Especially will the simulator deliver not only one single consequence only but a whole ‘sequence of consequences’ following each other in time.

PURE WWW KNOWLEDGE SPACE

This simple outline describes the application format of the oksimo software which is understood here as a kind of a ‘theory machine’ for everybody.

It is assumed that a symbolic description is given as a pure text file or as a given HTML page somewhere in the world wide web [WWW].

The simulator realized as an oksimo program can load such a file and can run a simulation. The output will be send back as an HTML page.

No special special data base is needed inside of the oksimo application. All oksimo related HTML pages located by a citizen somewhere in the WWW are constituting a ‘global public knowledge space’ accessible by everybody.

DISTRIBUTED OKSIMO INSTANCES

An oksimo server positioned behind the oksimo address ‘oksimo.com’ can produce for a simulation demand a ‘simulator instance’ running one simulation. There can be many simulations running in parallel. A simulation can also be connected in real time to Internet-of-Things [IoT] instances to receive empirical data being used in the simulation. In ‘interactive mode’ an oksimo simulation does furthermore allow the participation of ‘actors’ which function as a ‘dynamic rule instance’: they receive input from the simulated given situation and can respond ‘on their own’. This turns a simulation into an ‘open process’ like we do encounter during ‘everyday real processes’. An ‘actor’ must not necessarily be a ‘human’ actor; it can also be a ‘non-human’ actor. Furthermore it is possible to establish a ‘simulation-meta-level’: because a simulation as a whole represents a ‘full theory’ on can feed this whole theory to an ‘artificial intelligence algorithm’ which dos not run only one simulation but checks the space of ‘all possible simulations’ and thereby identifies those sub-spaces which are — according to the defined goals — ‘zones of special interest’.

OKSIMO (RELOADED) SOFTWARE

eJournal: uffmm.org
ISSN 2567-6458, 15.March 2021 – 1.April 2022
Email: info@uffmm.org
Author: Gerd Doeben-Henisch
Email: gerd@doeben-henisch.de

CONTEXT

This post is part of the theme called ‘Oksimo Software Structures‘ which in turn is part of the overall uffmm.org Blog.

OKSIMO SOFTWARE APPLICATION STRUCTURE from March 2021

oksimo software general outline
This shows the general outline of oksimo applications

Seen from the users

Eveybody, who has a device, which can be connected to the internet and which owns a browser can address the URL of an oksimo server. There can be multiple users from around the world which can act as a ‘virtual user group’, as a ‘team’.

Seen from smart devices

Every application which can interact with the internet can connect to an oksimo server and send measurment data to the server or can even interact interactively within a simulation acting as a smart actor.

This feature of being capable to use empirical data in real time during a simulation allows  an oksimo application also to function within a smart city environment.

USER – SIMULATIONS

Users can start a given simulation by loading either a simulation presented as an HTML-page or by loading a simulation from the server login.

In case of a simulation as HTML-page the user needs a simple simulation application on his own device.

In case of a simulation by server-login the user can simulate and while doing this all additional sources (smart actors, external data-sources, …) can be used.

User editing & simulation

A user can edit a new simulation with his local device, if there exists a text editor. The edited simulation can be handed out to the local oksimo-server app and can be simulated. In this case no team-work and no usage of external sources is possible.

Being logged-in a user can work together with other users while editing a new simulation. The edited simulation can be started to run every time. Additional external resources can be activated, if these are freely callable. Depending from the osimo server a set of ‘standard smart actors’ is located in the oksimo database and can be activated.

OKSIMO SW – Minimal Basic Requirements

Integrating Engineering and the Human Factor (info@uffmm.org)
eJournal uffmm.org ISSN 2567-6458, January 8, 2021
Author: Gerd Doeben-Henisch
Email: gerd@doeben-henisch.de

CONTEXT

As described in the uffmm eJournal  the wider context of this software project is an integrated  engineering theory called Distributed Actor-Actor Interaction [DAAI]. This includes Human Machine Intelligence [HMIntelligence]  as part of Human Machine Interaction [HMI]. In  the section Case Studies of the uffmm eJournal there is also a section about Python co-learning – mainly dealing with python programming – and a section about a web-server with Dragon. This document is part of the Case Studies section.

CONTENT

In the long way of making the theory  as well as the software [SW] more concrete we have reached January 5, 2021 a first published version on [www.]oksimo.com.  This version contains a sub-part of the whole concept which I call here the Minimal Basic Version [MBV] of the osimo SW. This minimal basic will be tested until the end of february 2021. Then we will add stepwise all the other intended features.

THE MINIMAL BASIC VERSION

oksimo SW Minimal Basic Version Jan 3, 2021
oksimo SW Minimal Basic Version Jan 3, 2021

If one compares this figure with the figure of the Multi-Group Management from Dec 5, 2020 one can easily detect simplifications for the first modul now called Vision [V] as well as for the last modul called Evaluation [EVAL].

While the basic modules States [S], Change Rules [X] and Simulator [SIM] stayed the same the mentioned first and last module have slightly changed in the sense that they have become simplified.

During the first tests with the oksimo reloaded SW it became clear that for a simulation unified with evaluation  it is sufficient to have at least one vision V to be compared with an actual state S whether parts of the vision V are also part of the state S. This induced the requirement that a vision V has to be understood as a collection of statements where earch statement describes some aspect of a vision as a whole.

Example 1: Thus a global vision of a city to have a ‘Kindergarten’ could be extended with facts like ‘It is free for all children’, ‘I is constructed in an ecological acceptable manner’, …

Example 2: A global vision to have a system interface [SI] for the oksimo reloaded SW could include statements (facts) like: ‘The basic mode is text input in an everyday language’, ‘In an advanced mode you can use speech-recognition tools to enter a text into the system’, ‘The basic mode of the simulation output is text-based’, ‘In an advanced mode you can use text-to-speech SW to allow audio-output of the simulation’, ….

Vision V – Statement S: The citizen which will work with the oksimo reloaded SW has now only to distinguish between the vision V which points into some — as such — unknown future and the given situation S describing some part of the everyday world. The vision with all its possible different partial views (statements, facts) can then be used to a evaluate a given state S whether the vision is already part of it or not. If during a simulation a state S* has been reached and the global vision ‘The city has a Kindergarten’ is part of S*  but not the partial aspects ‘It is free for all children’, ‘I is constructed in an ecological acceptable manner’,  then only one third of the vision has been fulfilled: eval(V,S*)= 33,3 … %. As one can see the amount of vision facts determines the fineness of the evaluation.

Requirements Point of View: In Software Engineering [SWE] and — more general — in Human-Machine Interaction [HMI] as part of System Engineering [SE] the analysis phase is characterized by a list of functional and non-functional requirements [FR, NFR]. Both concepts are in the oksimo SW parts of the vision modul. Everything you think of  to be important for your vision you can write down as some aspect of the vision.  And if you want to structure your vision into several parts you can edit different vision documents which for a simulation can be united to one document again.

Change Rules [X]: In the minimal basic version only three components of a change rule X will be considered: The condition [COND] part which checks whether an actual state S satisfies (fulfills)  the condition; the Eplus part which contains facts which shall be added to the actual state S for the next turn; the Eminus part which contains facts which shall be removed from the actual state S für the next turn. Other components like Probability [PROB] or Model [MODEL] will be added in the future.